Summary

• Description:

  The PDF document comprises MURANG'A EAST JOINT Biology Paper 2 2026 Mock Exam with Answers (Marking Scheme). The marking scheme is in a different document.

  It was a KCSE Biology 231/2 examination.

  This paper tests higher-order biological analysis, experimental design, physiological data interpretation, Mendelian genetics, and detailed biological essay writing.

  • Duration: 2 Hours
  • Total Marks: 80 Marks
  • Number of Questions: 8 Questions (Section A: Questions 1 - 5; Section B: Questions 6 - 8)
  • Structure: Section A (40 Marks, Questions 1–5, compulsory structured questions worth 8 marks each) and Section B (40 Marks, Question 6 compulsory data-analysis graph question worth 20 marks, and an option between Question 7 and Question 8 worth 20 marks).

  It covers the following topics:

  • Section A:
    • Plant physiology: Investigating carbon(IV) oxide requirements in photosynthesis using sodium hydroxide pellets and destarching techniques
    • Seed physiology: Experimental investigation of factors necessary for germination (moisture, temperature, oxygen)
    • Human endocrinology: Hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle (Oestrogen, Progesterone, Luteinizing Hormone) and uterine changes
    • Genetics: Codominance inheritance in guinea pigs, genetic crosses, F2 phenotypic/genotypic ratios, and human codominant traits
    • Neurophysiology: Transverse section of the mammalian spinal cord, reflex arc pathway, and neurotransmitter enzyme action
  • Section B:
    • Metabolic homeostasis: Graphical analysis of blood glucose curves in healthy vs. diabetic individuals, and deamination of excess amino acids
    • Mammalian nutrition: Step-by-step chemical and mechanical digestion of proteins along the human alimentary canal from ingestion to egestion
    • Plant adaptations: Environmental influences on terrestrial plant transpiration rates and structural adaptations of insect-pollinated flowers
• Category:

  Mock Past Papers
• Level:

  Form 4
• Subject:

  BIOLOGY

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