Summary

• Description:

  The PDF document comprises BRISTAR JOINT Biology Paper 1 2026 Mock Exam with Answers (Marking Scheme). The marking scheme is in a different document.

  It was a KCSE Biology 231/1 examination.

  This exam assesses foundational biological concepts across taxonomy, cell physiology, plant and animal nutrition, transport, gas exchange, homeostasis, ecology, genetics, and evolutionary theory.

  • Month Administered: July, 2026
  • Duration: 2 Hours
  • Total Marks: 80 Marks
  • Number of Questions: 28 (Questions 1 – 28)
  • Structure: Single compulsory section consisting of 28 structured and short-answer questions.

  It covers the following topics:

  • Classification and Taxonomy (taxonomic ranks, arthropod classification criteria)
  • Microscopy and Cell Biology (light microscope functions, plant cell wall adaptations)
  • Cell Physiology (osmosis in living tissues, active transport significance and oxygen dependence)
  • Plant Nutrition (leaf structural adaptations for photosynthesis, carbohydrate forms)
  • Animal Nutrition (reducing sugar biochemical tests, mammalian dental formulas, digestive system physiology, and peristalsis)
  • Gas Exchange and Respiration (respiratory gas percentages, human energy expenditure factors, anaerobic respiration end products)
  • Circulatory Systems (single vs double circulation, cardiovascular defects, blood functions)
  • Plant Transport (xylem vessel adaptations, water absorption by root hairs)
  • Homeostasis and Excretion (homeostatic mechanisms, human skin function and thermoregulation)
  • Ecology (ecosystem energy flow, halophyte morphological and physiological adaptations)
  • Plant and Animal Reproduction (flower pollination adaptations, self-sterility, mammalian gamete adaptations and ovarian functions)
  • Growth and Development (apical dominance causes)
  • Genetics and Evolution (organic evolution concepts, role of genetic variation, genetic crosses, and ABO blood group inheritance)
• Category:

  Mock Past Papers
• Level:

  Form 4
• Subject:

  BIOLOGY

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