Summary

• Description:

  HVA 1101 — HIV and AIDS is the most comprehensive HIV reference in the Year 1 Semester 1 programme, organized across eight chapters that cover the full clinical and community response to Kenya's generalized epidemic. Chapter 1 establishes the epidemiology: Kenya's national prevalence of 4.3%, county-level distribution, the higher burden in women, HIV types and subtypes (subtype A1 dominant in East Africa), and the WHO four-stage clinical classification in a table with CD4 thresholds and defining illnesses. The HIV lifecycle is explained in a seven-step diagram prompt labelled with the ARV class that blocks each stage. Chapter 2 covers transmission routes and risk factors, prevention (VMMC, PrEP, U=U), and PEP in clinical detail: eligibility criteria, the Kenya 2022 first-line regimen (TDF + 3TC + DTG for 28 days within 72 hours), and the testing follow-up schedule. PMTCT Option B+ is explained through its four core elements. Chapter 3 covers BCC theories (Health Belief Model, Social Cognitive Theory, Trans-theoretical Model) and attitude training to reduce HIV-related stigma. Chapter 4 presents common Kenyan opportunistic infections in a ten-row table organized by system (respiratory, GIT, neurological, dermatological, haematological, ocular), each with key features and first-line treatment. Chapter 5 covers ART: a five-class drug classification table with mechanisms and generic drug names, Kenya's 2022 first-line and PMTCT regimens, key adverse effects for TDF, AZT, and DTG, and viral load as the primary monitoring tool. Chapter 6 covers nutritional assessment and support for PLHIV using MUAC and BMI, the effects of HIV on nutritional status, and appropriate local Kenyan foods. Chapter 7 explains all HTS entry points (PITC, VCT, self-testing, index case testing), testing considerations for couples, youth, and pregnant women, and pre- and post-test counselling structure. Chapter 8 covers RTI/STI syndromic management in a five-syndrome reference table with Kenya first-line regimens, the four stages of syphilis, gonorrhoea in males and females, neonatal ophthalmia, and the bidirectional relationship between STIs and HIV transmission. They are written for KRCHN Year 1 students preparing for HIV and AIDS theory examinations and for clinical practice in any setting where HIV testing, ART, PMTCT, or STI management is provided.

• File Size:

  386.25 KB
• Length:

  11 pages
• Category:

  KMTC Notes
• Posted By:

  Caleb_Peter

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