Summary

• Description:

  The PDF document comprises Grade 10 Building Construction Strand 3 Building Construction Processes Notes. The MS Word version (editable) is also available upon your request.

  It covers the following strands and sub-strands:

  • Strand 3.0: Building Construction Processes
    • Sub-strand 3.1: Concreting
      • Constituent Materials of Concrete: Functions and characteristics of Cement (binder), Fine Aggregates (sand), Coarse Aggregates (ballast), and Water (activator).
      • Hand Tools and Equipment for Concrete Production: Identification and use of Batch boxes, Shovels, Wheelbarrows, Poker Vibrators, and Concrete Mixers.
      • The Concrete Production Cycle: Detailed steps: Batching (measuring), Mixing (blending), Transporting, Placing (pouring), Compacting (removing air), and Curing (maintaining moisture).
      • Mix Ratios: Standard volume ratios for different concrete grades (e.g., 1:4:8 for Blinding, 1:3:6 for Mass Concrete, 1:2:4 for Reinforced Concrete).
      • Importance of Concreting: Durability, Strength, Fire Resistance, and Versatility in construction.
    • Sub-strand 3.2: Foundations
      • Functions of a Foundation: Distributing loads, preventing settlement, providing a level surface, and anchoring the building.
      • Types of Foundations: Detailed descriptions of Strip Foundation (for load-bearing walls), Pad Foundation (for columns), and Raft Foundation (for unstable soils). [Image of strip foundation construction details]
      • Setting Out a Strip Foundation: Using the 3-4-5 Method (Pythagoras theorem) to ensure square corners.
      • Preparing Trenches: Excavation procedures and safety checks for strip foundations.
      • Laying the Strip Foundation: Pegging for level and thickness, pouring concrete, and curing.
    • Sub-strand 3.3: Timbering
      • Materials for Timbering: Use of Timber (Poling boards, Walings, Struts) and Steel trench sheets.
      • Necessity of Timbering: Preventing soil collapse, protecting workers, and securing adjacent structures.
      • Methods of Timbering:
        • Stay Bracing: For firm soils.
        • Poling Board System: For loose dry soils.
        • Sheeting System: For loose wet soils.
      • Safety Regulations: Inspection of trenches, wearing PPE, and safe removal of supports.
    • Sub-strand 3.4: Foundation Walling
      • Materials for Foundation Walls: Selection criteria for Natural Stone, Concrete Blocks, and Engineering Bricks (high compressive strength, low absorption).
      • Bonding Techniques: Rules for bonding (Stretcher, Header, English, Flemish) to eliminate straight vertical joints.
      • Construction Procedure: Building corners (Quoins), running the line, infilling courses, and checking for plumb/level.
      • Backfilling: Returning soil to the trench and compacting it in layers.
    • Sub-strand 3.5: Ground Floors
      • Types of Ground Floors: Distinction between Solid Ground Floors (most common in Kenya) and Suspended Ground Floors.
      • Components of a Solid Ground Floor:
        • Subgrade: The natural soil base.
        • Hardcore: Stone layer for drainage and stability.
        • Blinding: Fine layer (sand/ash) to seal hardcore.
        • Anti-termite Treatment: Chemical application.
        • Damp Proof Membrane (DPM): Plastic sheet to stop rising damp.
        • Reinforcement: BRC Mesh usage.
        • Concrete Slab: The main structural layer.
        • Screed: The final smooth finishing layer.
      • Construction Procedure: Step-by-step process from compacting subgrade to curing the final screed.
• Length:

  41 pages
• Category:

  Lesson Notes
• Level:

  Grade 10
• Subject:

  BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

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