Summary

• Description:

  The PDF document comprises Form 2 Physics notes on the topic of Equilibrium and Centre of Gravity.

  The topics and sub-topics covered in the document include:

  • Centre of Gravity (C.G)
    • The Centre of Gravity is defined as the point of balance of a body through which its total weight seems to act.
    • For regular shaped bodies, the C.G. is located at the geometric centre.
    • For irregular bodies, the law of moments can be used to determine their weight, which acts through the C.G.
    • A worked example is provided to show how to determine the weight of a uniform bar by taking moments about a pivot.
  • Equilibrium and Parallel Forces
    • For a body to be in equilibrium under the action of parallel forces, it must be neither moving nor rotating.
    • Two conditions for equilibrium are stated:
      • The sum of upward forces must be equal to the sum of downward forces. This is the first condition of equilibrium.
      • The sum of clockwise moments must equal the sum of anti-clockwise moments. This is the second condition of equilibrium.
    • The notes include fully worked examples of uniform rods supported by pivots and spring balances to calculate unknown forces and reactions.
  • Stability
    • Stability is defined as a measure of how easy or difficult it is for an object to topple over when a force is applied.
    • The two main factors affecting stability are:
      • The base area, where a larger base area increases stability.
      • The position of the centre of gravity, where a higher C.G. results in less stability.
    • States of Equilibrium:
      • Stable equilibrium: The body returns to its original position after a small displacement.
      • Unstable equilibrium: The body topples over and does not return to its original position after a small displacement.
      • Neutral equilibrium: The body remains at rest in any new position it is placed in.
  • Applications of Stability
    • The principles of stability are applied in the design of motor vehicles.
    • Racing cars are designed with a low and wide wheelbase to increase their base area for greater stability.
    • Double-decker buses have their chassis and engines mounted as low as possible to achieve a low centre of gravity and enhance stability.

  These notes are comprehensive, neat, and printable, making them an excellent resource for students studying the principles of equilibrium and stability. They are also highly suitable for teachers to use for lesson preparation, providing clear definitions, diagrams, and a variety of worked examples to aid understanding.

• Length:

  7 pages
• Category:

  Lesson Notes
• Level:

  Form 2
• Subject:

  PHYSICS

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