Summary

• Description:

  The PDF document comprises Form 1 Biology notes on Nutrition in Plants and Animals.

  The topics and sub-topics covered in the document include:

  • Nutrition in Plants (Autotrophism)
    • The Leaf: Detailed examination of both the external structure (lamina, petiole, veins) and internal structure (epidermis, palisade and spongy mesophyll, vascular bundles).
    • Adaptations for Photosynthesis: Discusses how features like a broad lamina, transparent cuticle, and numerous chloroplasts in palisade cells maximize photosynthetic efficiency.
    • Chloroplasts: Their structure, including grana and stroma, and their function in trapping light energy.
    • The Process of Photosynthesis: Covers the two main stages: the light-dependent stage (involving photolysis and ATP production) and the light-independent stage (Calvin cycle for carbon fixation).
    • Factors Influencing Photosynthesis: Explores how carbon (IV) oxide concentration, light intensity, water availability, and temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis.
  • Chemical Compounds in Living Organisms
    • Carbohydrates: Classifies them into monosaccharides (e.g., glucose), disaccharides (e.g., sucrose), and polysaccharides (e.g., starch, cellulose), detailing their properties and functions.
    • Lipids: Describes their structure (fatty acids and glycerol), properties, and crucial functions such as energy storage, insulation, and protection.
    • Proteins: Explains that they are made of amino acids and discusses essential vs. non-essential amino acids, protein formation, and their diverse functions as structural materials, enzymes, and hormones.
    • Enzymes: Defines them as biological catalysts and covers their properties, naming conventions, and the factors affecting their action, such as temperature, pH, and substrate concentration.
  • Nutrition in Animals (Heterotrophism)
    • Types of Heterotrophism: Differentiates between holozoic nutrition, saprophytism, and parasitism.
    • Dentition in Mammals: Details the types of teeth (incisors, canines, premolars, molars), dental formulae, and adaptations of teeth for different diets (herbivore, carnivore, omnivore). Also covers the internal structure of a tooth and common dental diseases.
    • Human Digestive System: Outlines the alimentary canal and the processes of ingestion, digestion, absorption, and assimilation. It describes chemical digestion in the mouth, stomach, and intestines, with a summary table of enzymes and their functions.
  • A Balanced Diet and Health
    • Discusses the importance of vitamins, mineral salts, water, and roughage, including detailed tables on their sources and deficiency diseases.
    • Explains factors that determine energy requirements in humans, such as age, sex, and occupation.
    • Defines a balanced diet and malnutrition, covering deficiency diseases like Kwashiorkor and Marasmus.
  • Practical Activities
    • Lists experiments to investigate the conditions necessary for photosynthesis and to test for different food substances like reducing sugars, proteins, and lipids.

  These notes are comprehensive, neat, and printable, making them an excellent resource for students studying nutrition. They are also highly suitable for teachers to use for lesson preparation, providing a structured and clear foundation for the topic, complete with detailed diagrams, tables, and practical activity suggestions.

• File Size:

  717.72 KB
• Length:

  37 pages
• Category:

  Lesson Notes
• Level:

  Form 1
• Subject:

  BIOLOGY
• Posted By:

  Caleb_Peter

Enter your details below to initiate a payment using MPESA.