Summary

• Description:

  The PDF document comprises Form 2 Chemistry Salts Notes.

  The topics and sub-topics covered in the document are listed below:

  • Introduction to Salts
    • Definition of a salt.
    • Types of Salts: Descriptions and examples of Normal, Acid, Basic, and Double salts.
  • Solubility Rules
    • Detailed solubility rules for common salts including nitrates, sulphates, chlorides, and carbonates.
    • Solubility of common bases (metal oxides and hydroxides) in water.
  • Preparation of Salts
    • Obtaining Crystals from Solution: The process of crystallization from a saturated solution, including definitions of water of crystallization and hydrated salts.
    • Methods for Preparing Soluble Salts:
      • Reaction of an acid with a metal.
      • Reaction of an acid with an insoluble base or carbonate.
      • Neutralization (titration) of an acid with a soluble base (alkali).
    • Preparation of Insoluble Salts: The precipitation (double decomposition) method, including the concept of spectator ions and writing ionic equations.
    • Direct Combination of Elements: Preparing salts through direct synthesis, for example, reacting iron with sulphur.
  • Interaction of Salts with the Atmosphere
    • Deliquescence: Salts that absorb water to form a solution (e.g., calcium chloride).
    • Hygroscopy: Salts that absorb water but do not form a solution (e.g., anhydrous copper(II) sulphate).
    • Efflorescence: Salts that lose their water of crystallization (e.g., hydrated sodium carbonate).
  • Action of Heat on Salts
    • The effect of heating on various salts, including thermal decomposition.
    • Specific patterns for the decomposition of carbonates, nitrates, and sulphates based on the reactivity series of the metal.
  • Uses of Salts
    • Common applications of salts in areas like agriculture (fertilizers), food industry, and medicine.
  • Review Exercises
    • An extensive collection of review questions, including numerous examples from past KCSE papers, to reinforce the concepts covered.

  These Salts notes offer a comprehensive and well-structured guide, complete with clear explanations, step-by-step preparation procedures, and numerous chemical equations. The inclusion of detailed solubility tables and the effects of heat makes them an invaluable study tool. These neat and printable notes are perfect for students aiming to master the topic of salts and are an excellent resource for teachers planning lessons and for students preparing for KCSE examinations.

• File Size:

  1.44 MB
• Length:

  24 pages
• Category:

  Lesson Notes
• Level:

  Form 2
• Subject:

  CHEMISTRY
• Posted By:

  Caleb_Peter

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